Tuesday, October 26, 2010

Iran Takes Over OPEC


http://www.thetrumpet.com/index.php?q=7588.6157.0.0

Iran is soon to be the president of opec again. And the implications could be enormous. An international oil dispute is virtually sure to erupt, says one Russian analyst. It is only a matter of how soon. But this time, he says, it is not America’s fight—it is Europe’s.

On October 14, Iran was elected president of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries—and that says a lot about how the world is changing.

America’s global clout and influence is clearly on the wane. And not just because opec—a grouping of nations that includes many anti-American states—elected perhaps the biggest anti-American state to its presidency. But because, as rtt News said, it did so “unanimously”!

How’s that for friends? America liberates Kuwait from Saddam Hussein, it props up the Iraqi government, it sells Saudi Arabia $60 billion worth of upgraded F-15 fighters—and in return gets a diplomatic slap in the face. Don’t forget that America is working overtime to try to build a coalition to enforce sanctions on Iran for continuing to pursue nuclear weapons.

Can’t be working so well when even America’s so-called allies don’t seem to be on board.

Making the slap sting all the more is the fact that Iran’s Oil Minister Seyed Masoud Mirkazemi will hold the opec presidency. Merkazemi is a senior-level commander within the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps—a group considered a terrorist organization by the State Department.

So opec is now chaired by not only a terrorist-sponsoring nation, but by an actual terrorist.

It is clear the Arabs dread offending Iran a lot more than they do America. Fear of Iran is infecting the Persian Gulf. And the Arabs should be afraid. America has broadly advertised that it will be pulling out of Iraq and Afghanistan soon, never to return. The Arabs will be left to deal with (read submit to) Iran.

Iran is acutely aware that America is a broken superpower.

The same day the 12 opec nations meekly handed Iran the presidency, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad visited his Hezbollah underlings in Lebanon. It was his first trip to the country, and he used the fanfare to send a message. “The whole world knows that the Zionists are going to disappear,” he said. “The occupying Zionists today have no choice but to accept reality and go back to their countries of origin.”

Although most took his words as a threat toward Israel, it was also a message to America—and to Iran’s opec subordinates.

The message was: We are the regional power you really need to fear. No matter how much America promises, at the end of the day, it is going home. You had better deal with us.

With the Iranian-aligned Muslim Brotherhood poised to seize power in Egypt, with Turkey developing closer ties to Iran, and with America cooling its relationship with Israel, it is no wonder opec is snapping into line with the king of the Middle East.

But what exactly is Iran’s agenda? Is it $100-per-barrel oil? $150? Is it to use opec as a podium to vocalize its anti-West rhetoric? Or does it go beyond that?

Iran will certainly work to increase oil prices, says Russian Center for Public Policy Research director Vladimir Yevseyev. In this regard, it will probably have some success, he says, but Iran has a far bigger battle lined up.

According to Yevseyev, the real war Iran is gearing up for is against Europe.

As head of opec, Iran will leverage its position to counter the policy of the European Union, which has been complicating Iranian oil sales. “I do not believe that it will be effective, but Iran must take such attempts,” he says.

Europe has recently begun taking further steps to restrict trade and foreign investment in Iran due to Iran’s pursuit of nuclear weaponry. On September 30, four of Europe’s largest oil companies (Total, Shell, Statoil and Eni) announced they had committed to stopping business with Iran.

The situation is getting touchy. Iran has now given ultimatums to other European oil firms. Either commit to business in Iran or prepare to have your assets seized.

Iran has other weapons too.

Europe depends on imports for the vast majority of its oil. Germany, the Netherlands, France and Italy import almost 100 percent of their oil. Nearly half of Europe’s imported oil comes from the Middle East. And most of that comes through the Persian Gulf—which is half Iranian coastal waters.

“Security of energy without Iran has no meaning,” opec’s new president warned on October 14. The international community and Europe in general should take close note, he said.

It wouldn’t take much to send the cost of crude oil soaring. Global estimates suggest that due to depletion, over the next 5 to 10 years the Middle East is going to become the world’s most valuable source of oil. Iran is predicted to be one of the few countries with excess oil supplies.

“[T]he political risks are rising,” says Russia’s Yevseyev. “I do not see the way how this situation could change, as I do not see grounds for a rapprochement between Iran and Europe.”

“Europe looks at Iran’s presidency of opec as a problem with which it will fight, but not as the possibility of rapprochement with Iran,” he said (emphasis mine).

Yevseyev is right. Rapprochement with Iran will not occur.

The Middle East has the oil. Europe needs it. Iran wants to use it as a tool to push Europe. Europe wants to stop Iran from getting the bomb. America just wants out. Both Iran and Europe want in. The rest of opec balances on nitroglycerine—not wanting to offend Iran, and enjoying higher oil prices—but also looking on with apprehension at a withdrawing America and with interest at emerging European aggressiveness.

In an oil-constrained world, Iran believes its position is impregnable. As opec’s second-largest producer, it has the oil, and it is now leveraging its position within opec to push its agenda and try to attain nuclear capability. Yet a nuclear-armed dominant Iran is not something Europe wants to live with either. This is not a recipe for peace in the Middle East.

Tensions are escalating even faster than the price of oil, if that is possible.

But where is it all headed? Will Europe acquiesce to Iran’s pushy foreign policy? And how will the world’s oil problems be solved? For the answers to these questions, read The King of the South and “Why Iran Can Afford to Be So Bold.” •

Iraq's Allawi Bloc Says Oil, Gas Licenses are Illegal, may be Canceled


http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-24/iraq-s-allawi-bloc-says-oil-gas-licenses-are-illegal-may-be-canceled.html

The political bloc led by former Iraqi Prime Minister Ayad Allawi said today that oil and natural-gas development contracts awarded by the outgoing government of Nuri al-Maliki are illegal and may be canceled.

Allawi’s bloc, which won the largest number of seats in March elections, said it “strongly condemns the outgoing government’s actions to offer license rounds with long-term contracts and overstepping its constitutional mandates.”

The actions are also “considered illegal in light of the current constitutional and political vacuum engulfing the country, which exposes the oil ministry and all parties concerned to legal questioning and which may also lead to the cancellation of these contracts,” the bloc called Al-Iraqiyah said in an e-mailed statement.

The licenses are illegal, it said, because they were signed “with no reference to current laws such as Law 97 of 1967, which requires the consent of the Iraqi Parliament in the absence of a Federal Oil and Gas Law.”

Parliamentary elections in Iraq on March 7 produced no clear winner, and political parties, including the rival blocs led by Allawi and Maliki, have been struggling since then to form a government. Maliki’s outgoing government has said repeatedly that signed hydrocarbon contracts would not be cancelled.

Natural-Gas Contracts

Kuwait Energy Co., Turkiye Petrolleri AO and KazMunaiGaz National Co. of Kazakhstan secured rights to develop three Iraqi natural-gas fields, at an auction on Oct. 20. The Akkas, Mansouriya and Siba gas fields together hold 11 trillion cubic feet of fuel.

Last week’s gas licensing round was the third for hydrocarbon development contracts since the U.S.-led invasion that toppled President Saddam Hussein in 2003. Iraq won pledges from oil producers including Exxon Mobil Corp. and OAO Lukoil to boost the country’s total crude output to 12 million barrels a day after two licensing rounds last year.

Iraq relies on oil for most of its income and is seeking foreign investors in other parts of the economy after years of conflict and sanctions.

To contact the reporter on this story: Nayla Razzouk in Amman at nrazzouk2@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Maher Chmaytelli at mchmaytelli@bloomberg.net

Nigeria: FG to Raise Crude Oil Export in December


http://allafrica.com/stories/201010251002.html

The Federal Government is to increase exports of Nigeria's benchmark crude oil grade, the Qua Iboe, in December by selling 13 cargoes up from the 11 scheduled to load in November in a bid to shore up the country's sagging economy.

The move to raise Nigeria's crude oil export came just as former BP Plc's Chief Executive Officer, Mr. John Browne's Riverstone Management Limited, is leading a group of bidders for $4 billion worth of Nigerian oil fields being offered for sale by Royal Dutch Shell Plc.

Trade sources hinted last weekend that all 13 of the December stems would be full cargoes of 950,000 barrels each, bringing Qua Iboe exports to their highest level since March.

Reuters reported that the development would bring the average exports of the grade in December up to almost 400,000 barrels per day (bpd), compared with just below 350,000 bpd in November.

Qua Iboe output was reduced for three months due to a pipeline leak, which led ExxonMobil to declare a force majeure on exports last May.

The force majeure was lifted in August but some cargoes have continued to be delayed, traders and shipping sources said.

Qua Iboe exports were expected to average around 398,000 barrels per day (bpd) in October, up from around 363,000 bpd planned for September, loading programmes had shown.

Output schedules for two of Nigeria's other crude streams also emerged in September with Bonga exports due to rise to 189,000 bpd in October, up from the 158,000 bpd due in September.

Forcados output was due to average 197,000 bpd this month, largely steady from the previous month.

Preliminary loading schedules put the country's crude export at 2.07 million barrels per day (bpd) of crude oil in November, down slightly from about 2.13 million bpd in October.

A total of 70 full or part cargoes of the nation's crude oil were expected to load in November, down from 76 cargoes in October, trade sources said, quoting preliminary loading schedules.

The source also stated that Bonny Light output would average 285,000 bpd in November, up from 245,000 bpd planned in October and below 130,000 bpd earlier this year, due to repairs to sabotage oil facilities in the Niger Delta region.

Bonny Light production peaked at nearly 500,000 bpd in 2005, when it accounted for nearly a fifth of the total crude output as production of the gasoline-rich crude has long been hampered by militant sabotage of pipelines and platforms in the Delta region.

Nigerian crude exports have risen fairly steadily this year from between 1.90 million and 1.95 million bpd in the first four months to an average of more than 2.10 million so far in the second half of the year.

This puts Nigeria well above its agreed production target of 1.67 million bpd as a member of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), a target it has exceeded since February 2009, according to data.

The increase in Qua Iboe exports is a sign that production of the country's benchmark grade has recovered after the setback mid this year.

Meanwhile, former BP Plc's Chief Executive Officer, Browne, is leading a group of bidders for $4 billion worth of Nigerian oil fields being offered for sale by Royal Dutch Shell Plc.

Shell recently launched a shake-up of its Nigerian operations by offering oil fields for sale in apparent response to Federal Government's plans to pass the Petroleum Reform Bill (PIB), which seeks to impose harsher terms on International Oil Companies (IOCs).

Sunday Times reported yesterday that the oil giant was about to sell four oil fields and that Riverstone Management Limited, which was registered in England and Wales, was leading a consortium of investment firms, KKR and Blackstone Group to acquire the assets.

It also identified other interested bidders to include Nigeria's Oando Plc; Perenco SA; and Addax and Oryx Group Ltd.However, according to the Joint Operating Agreement (JOA) between Shell and its partners - Italy's Eni and France's Total - the partners have the right of first refusal to buy Shell's 30 per cent interest in the fields.

The JOA also provides that the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), which holds 55 per cent majority stake in the fields, must approve the deal.

The Federal Government guidelines also require that for any bidder to be successful, it must have a Nigerian as a local partner.

The decision by the government to implement an industry reform and abrogate the Petroleum Act of 1960, under which it granted licences to the IOCs, apparently pitched the multinationals against the government.

The IOCs were further miffed when most of the licences expired and the Federal Government insisted on driving a hard bargain on renewal negotiations.

Chinese National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) recently offered $50 billion for some of the country's crude oil reserves, most of which were still controlled by joint ventures between the NNPC and the multinationals.
Oil Companies Reducing Investment in Nigeria?

Analysts said with Shell's new projects in the United States' Gulf of Mexico and Qatar near completion and the company's souring relations with the Federal Government as a result of some controversial provisions in the PIB, the new chief executive of the oil giant, Mr. Peter Voser, was keen on reducing the company's reliance on Nigeria.

The company is also being confronted with many legal actions over environmental pollution and sabotage of pipelines by host communities, resulting in spilling oil into the environment.

Shell's decision to sell some Nigerian assets was part of a company-wide shake-up.Since he assumed duties in July last year, Voser had "made 15,000 workers reapply for their jobs, re-entered Iraq and put a handful of European refineries up for sale".

The Country Chairman and Managing Director, Shell Nigeria, Mr. Mutiu Sunmonu, noted that SPDC, the oldest energy company in Nigeria, had developed a "long term and continuing commitment to the country, its people and the economy", generating billions of dollars to help fund development and growth.

Nigeria: Ex-British Petroleum's CEO Leads Bidders for $4b Shell Oil Fields


http://allafrica.com/stories/201010250688.html

Abuja — Former chief executive officer of British Petroleum John Browne is to lead a group of bidders for $4 billion of Nigerian oil fields being sold by Royal Dutch Shell Plc, a report published by the Sunday Times stated yesterday.

Shell's plan to reduce its investments in Nigeria has been described by some industry watchers as a reaction to the hassles in Nigeria's exploration terrain.

"Browne's Riverstone Management Ltd. is interested in bidding, as is KKR & Co. and Blackstone Group LP," the report said.

"Another bid group includes Perenco SA, Addax & Oryx Group Ltd. and Oando Plc," the report added. Any bidder will have to have a local partner to meet government requirements, it said.

The report further said that partners ENI SpA and Total SA have the right to buy Shell's 30 per cent stake in the fields, and Nigeria's majority holding national oil company (NNPC) must approve any deal.
Oil Companies Reducing Investment in Nigeria?

LEADERSHIP reported last week that Africa-focused oil and gas company, Afren Plc., said its Nigerian unit had agreed to buy a stake in oil fields in Nigeria from Royal Dutch Shell Plc, Total SA and Eni SPA.

First Hydrocarbon Nigeria Co. Ltd., in which Afren has a 45 per cent stake, agreed to buy a 45 per cent stake in OML 26 in Delta State for $187.5 million, which includes the cost of the acquisition and First Hydrocarbon Nigeria's share of planned development.

According to Afren, "OML 26 contains two producing fields and three undeveloped assets.

The area contains recoverable reserves and contingent resources of 184 million barrels of oil and could contain another 615 million barrels of oil equivalent resources."

Afren Nigeria Unit Buys Stake In Delta Oil Fields From Majors


http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20101021-703231.html

Africa-focused oil and gas company Afren PLC (AFR.LN) Thursday said its Nigerian unit agreed to buy a stake in oil fields in Nigeria from Royal Dutch Shell PLC (RDSA.LN), Total SA (FP.FR) and Eni S.p.A. (ENI.MI).

First Hydrocarbon Nigeria Co. Ltd., in which Afren has a 45% stake, agreed to buy a 45% stake in OML 26 in the Delta State for $187.5 million, which includes the cost of the acquisition and First Hydrocarbon Nigeria's share of planned development.

OML 26 contains two producing fields and three undeveloped assets, Afren said.

The area contains recoverable reserves and contingent resources of 184 million barrels of oil and could contain another 615 million barrels of oil equivalent resources, Afren said.

OML 26 currently produces 5,000 barrels of oil a day but First Hydrocarbon Nigeria intends to raise production to 40,000 barrels a day over four years, Afren said.

First Hydrocarbon Nigeria agreed a $130 million credit facility with BNP Paribas to provide funding for the deal, Afren said.



-By Jason Douglas, Dow Jones Newswires; 44-20-7842-9272; jason.douglas@dowjones.com

Wednesday, October 20, 2010

Oil Spill Beach Cleanup - Pensacola, Florida

Behind The Ethanol Controversy

http://translogic.aolautos.com/2010/10/20/behind-the-ethanol-controversy/

Ethanol is supposed to be a clean bio-fuel that helps reduce our dependence on foreign oil. It's primarily produced from domestically grown corn. So why is it so controversial?
When the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced earlier this month that refiners could begin to sell gasoline with a 15-percent ethanol content, so called "E15," it raised outcry from a whole host of special-interest groups. Environmentalists objected. Oil companies complained. Gas station owners howled. Classic car owners moaned. Motorist groups whined. Even boat owners grumbled.

Just about the only people who like the new rule are corn farmers and Midwest Democrats running for Congress. More on that later...

Five Percent More

First, let's figure out what this fuel additive means for motorists. Currently, cars are designed to use gasoline with an ethanol content of 10 percent. After testing gasoline with a 15-percent ethanol blend, the EPA has concluded that it won't hurt vehicles built in 2007 or later. The agency took this action because Congress wants to expand the nation's use of ethanol and other bio-fuels.

Later this year, the EPA will decide whether E15 is safe for vehicles built from 2001 through 2006. But the agency's two-step approval process is causing lots of heartburn. The EPA will require gas stations to slap labels on gas pumps that dispense E15 fuel. But retailers and environmentalists fear motorists might get confused if they have a choice of two different ethanol blends.

If the owner of an older car uses the wrong fuel, the vehicle's catalytic converter might be damaged. That's because ethanol blends burn hotter than pure gasoline. Vehicles built in 2007 or later have an oxygen sensor that adjusts the combustion and protects the catalyst. Not so with older cars. A car with a damaged catalytic converter can be a serious polluter, says Sasha Lyutse, a New York-based policy analyst for the Natural Resources Defense Council.

"People are worried that you could have serious problems," she says. "I am quite skeptical of the EPA's ability to implement this system at the pump."

Gas station owners aren't happy either. The angry owner of a damaged car might well sue the retailer, warns Jeff Lenard, spokesman for the National Association of Convenience Stores, whose members sell 80 percent of the nation's gasoline.

"Do retailers have the stomach for the potential risk?" Lenard asks. "A lot of questions have to be answered before a retailer is going to sell E15. Nothing is going to happen overnight."

A Different Sort Of Green

There are other problems. Vehicles built in 2007 or later account for just 18 percent of the nation's total vehicle population. If a gas station wants to serve everybody – not just owners of new cars – it would have to install new pumps and new underground fuel tanks, Lenard says. Pumps cost about $18,000 to $20,000 apiece, while underground storage tanks can cost anywhere from $20,000 in a rural area to a whopping $250,000 in cities like San Francisco.

Then there's the tricky issue of fuel economy. Because ethanol is less energy dense than gasoline, pure gasoline delivers about 3 percent better fuel economy than an E15 blend, Lenard says.

Since the EPA isn't requiring retailers to use the new blend, one might expect gas stations to take a pass on E15. But ethanol is a bit cheaper than pure gasoline, so retailers can cut the price of a gallon of fuel by a few pennies. If a competitor down the road uses E15 to cut prices, that would be a powerful incentive for retailers to stock it, says Lenard.

"People might step over a penny on the pavement on the way to the pump, but they'll drive miles out of their way to save a few cents per gallon," he notes.

Other organizations have commented on the issue. The American Automobile Association, the nation's largest motorist organization, issued a statement warning against possible damage to older cars. The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, which represents automakers, did so too. In its statement, the alliance noted that automakers must "harden" the fuel systems of vehicles to run on fuel blends with a high ethanol content. But ethanol can corrode the engine seals and fuel lines of vehicles that haven't been upgraded. And it's not just older cars that are affected.

The EPA warns against the use of E15 fuel in motorcycles, school buses, delivery trucks, snowmobiles, lawn mowers, chain saws and boats. Which is why the National Marine Manufacturers Association was feeling cranky enough to complain about possible damage to boat engines.

Politics Over The Environment?

If environmentalists, automakers, oil companies and gas station owners all are worried about E15 fuel, why is the EPA moving ahead? In 2007, Congress passed the Energy Independence and Security Act, which mandates the nationwide consumption of 36 billion gallons of renewable fuel by 2022. Since the nation's motorists used only nine billion gallons in 2008, we've got a long way to go.

But why was the agency in such a rush to okay E15's use in new vehicles before tests on older vehicles are complete? The New York Times hinted at the answer Thursday when it noted that nine Democratic congressmen in ethanol-producing states face tough re-election bids in November. This is a make-or-break issue for voters in corn states like Iowa, whose livelihoods are tied to the industry.

Environmentalists favor the production of ethanol from substances like switch grass, which causes less environmental damage than corn. But don't hold your breath, said the NRDC's Lyutse.

"Corn ethanol has been getting [government] subsidies for more than 30 years," she said. "This is one more decision that supports corn ethanol at the expense of cleaner biofuels."